How the Atrocities of War Exemplify the Characteristic...

In his novella Night, Elie Wiesel portrays the horrors he and his family faced at the hands of Nazi Germany through graphic and moving descriptions of his plight. A compelling excerpt, â€Å"I watched other hangings. I never saw a single victim weep. These withered bodies had long forgotten the bitter taste of tears,† demonstrates the utter disregard for human life that many of the world’s leaders adopt in times of war, inspiring further research through the evocation of a need to more thoroughly learn about the moral ambiguity that envelops those in positions of power during wartime. This characteristic moral ambiguity of human nature is most clearly seen in the atrocities of war through institutionalized torture, mass death, and willingness of leaders to sacrifice troops. Through analyses of conflicts such as the World War II, the Vietnam War, the Civil War, the An Lushan Rebellion, and the Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent in such genres as non-fiction books , documentaries, the internet, music, and poems, the moral ambiguity of the human race is proven to lead to atrocities of war such as institutionalized torture, mass death, and willingness of leaders to sacrifice the lives of their troops. Many painful examples of disregard for human life can be seen across all instances of war, although perhaps most notably in the horrors the Jewish people, among others, faced in the Holocaust of World War II at the hands of Hitler and the Nazi Party. The Holocaust, long viewedShow MoreRelatedPeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 PagesINTRODUCTION 2 CHAPTER I. THE NOTION OF EUPHEMISMS IN ENGLISH 5 I.1. Definition of Euphemisms 5 I.2. Classification of Euphemisms 6 I.3. Ambiguity and Logic 9 CHAPTER II. SOURCES OF EUPHEMISMS 15 II.1. The Language of Political Correctness 15 II.2. Obscurity, Officialese,Jornalese, Commercialese 20 II.3. Vogue Words 24 II.4. Woolliness 27 II.5. Euphemisms Used in Different Spheres of Our Life 29 CHAPTER III. TRANSLATION OF EUPHEMISMS 34 III.1. Grammatical Difficulties inRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA TempleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesSchool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 vii viii Contents Administrative Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 The Humanistic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Human Relations Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Self-Actualizing Movement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 The Quantitative Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 The Systems Approach . . . . . . . .Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesaccepted the methodology and used it. Management was pleased with the results. Also, Lakes Automotive s customer base was pleased with the methodology and provided Lakes Automotive with quality award recognition that everyone believed was attributed to how well the project management methodology was executed. In February 2000, Lakes Automotive decided to offer additional products to its customers. Lakes Automotive bought out another tier-one supplier, Pelex Automotive Products (PAP). PAP also had a good

Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 2479 Words

Ibsen’s A Doll’s House: A parallel and a contrast style of Nora and Mrs. Linde A Doll s House is a play by Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen is Norwegian playwright, and Ibsen was born in 1828 in Skien, a town in the Norway. Also, Henrik Ibsen is a famous Norwegian playwright, theatre director, and poet, and Henrik Ibsen is often considered as â€Å"the father† of modern theater and one of the founders of Modernism in the theatre. In this play, Ibsen makes many hints about the roles of society and how the female gender was treated at the time. From this play, Ibsen believed about the roles of society, equality between males and females, and the idea of feminism. In the play, the main characters pretend to be someone who others would like them to be, instead†¦show more content†¦Since, she has had to work to take care of her sickly mother and two small brothers because her husband died. Then, her mother has died, and her brothers are grown up and have their own lives. Mrs. Linde is free lady now. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, even though Nora and Mrs. Linde are both brave, their attitudes toward money, their problems in their marriages, and their views on independence show that they look at life from different perspectives. Nora and Mrs. Linde are both brave women. Nora is brave because she does things typical women did not do. When Torvald was sick in the past, Nora illegally borrowed money for the trip that needed to save Torvald’s life was forced to take a loan from a rich man known as Mr. Krogstad. She told Torvald that the money had come from her father. For years, Nora has worked and saved in secret, and she slowly repaid the debt to be fully repaid. However, she is still brave, but she forged the signature in the past. Also, It is impressive that Nora was able to get the loan as Nora’s friend, Mrs. Linde, remarks â€Å"a wife can’t borrow [money] without her husband’s consent† (Ibsen 30). This implies Nora is not completely a money loving person who just follows every instruction given by her husband, but she is a brave, willing, and determined individual who does what is needed for the best of her loved ones. Additionally, when Torvald finds out of the debt and Nora’s forgery, Nora leaves the

Pet Therapy free essay sample

Pet therapy can be dated as far back as prehistory time when humans noticed that animals were not only used for food, but they were also friends and companions. Animal-facilitated therapy is one of the newer forms of medicine used throughout the nation. The origin of animal-facilitated therapy can be traced as far back as 18th century. The York Retreat, founded in 1792 by the Quaker merchant William Tuke, was cited to be the first use of animal-facilitated therapy. Instead of harsh forms of treatment, the York Retreat emphasized positive means to control behavior. Animals could be found all over the retreat, and the patients were encouraged to learn to care after them. The York Retreat is used as a model today in the form of animal-facilitated therapy (Cusack 2). The earliest form of animal-facilitated therapy in the United States was when Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane suggested using dogs with psychiatric patients at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in Washington D. C (Hooker 18). Pawling Army Air Force Convalescent Hospital at Pawling, New York introduced pet therapy in 1942. The patients were encouraged to work with many farm animals as well as engage in academic studies. Amphibians were also used from the nearby forest as pets for the patients. The patients would hold frog jumping contests and turtle races which inspired a competitive spirit and provided an educational background (Cusack 3). Pet therapy was finally considered a legitimate therapeutic use in 1961 when Dr. Boris Levinson documented his observations (Hooker 18). There are a few different classified types of pet therapy. Animal-assisted activities or animal-facilitated therapy, animal-assisted therapy, and pet-facilitated therapy are the main types of therapy used. A newer form of therapy called canine candy striping started at UCLA in 1994, has also become a popular method. Researchers are beginning to distinguish between animal-assisted activities, which are practiced in over 600 hospitals nationwide and animal-assisted therapy which is a newer discipline where dogs are used by doctors to reach a specific goal (Roosevelt 2). Studies show that animals, pets in general, make humans better people. Having a pet makes you live longer, be happier, live healthier, and more sociable (Cusack 4). Doctors, therapists, and researchers have argued the fact whether pet herapy is a healthy and effective way to treat patients. Should doctors and therapists start prescribing pets instead of medicine to their patients? The first type of animal therapy is animal-assisted activities (AAA). This therapy is performed by trained professionals with the accompaniment of animals that meet specific criteria. AAA are used for multiple patients and are more of a â€Å"s it down† and â€Å"play† time. A therapist is not sitting with the patient taking notes such as, ‘what are the patient’s actions showing’ (About 2)? Many different types of animals may be used for pet therapy. The most common ones however are dogs and cats. Hospitals and nursing homes are starting to permit the use of more animals like rabbits, small rodents such as mice and gerbils, and birds. Dogs and cats do provide the best potential for therapeutic use, but they are more expensive to groom and care for (Cusack 85-91). The most important quality of the animals used for therapy is that they should have a calm personality and they must be people oriented. Cats and small dogs are very good to use because they can fit on about anyone’s lap. A large dog would be perfect for a patient in a wheelchair so the patient could stroke its hair. Pawprints and Purrs Inc. states, â€Å"They provide an invaluable service to those who are lonely, abandoned, or ill; indeed, anyone who needs the miraculous healing that can arise from a hug and a gentle touch (2). † Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is another method used on patients. This method does have specific goals for the patient to meet. Catanzaro lists the following four types of AAT interaction between humans and animals: 1. The â€Å"individual companion,† or the owned pet, is one who is specifically trained and placed with an individual on a full-time basis. The programs for the blind and deaf often are the first to come to mind, but animals also are placed with disabled, elderly, or chronically ill individuals. 2. â€Å"Part-time companions† include animals that are used on a â€Å"loan† basis. They may be left with a person for periods of time but are generally the responsibility of someone else. This includes pets â€Å"visiting† the elderly at home or in nursing care facilities. Some of these animals are entertainers, whereas others are friends and lovers. Most often, the pet stewards are volunteers and they and their animal have been psychologically screened, as in the Pet Partner Program of the Delta Society. 3. The â€Å"mascot† or group pet essentially resides in the therapeutic setting itself, such as a psychiatric or nursing home, a children’s ward, or a half-way house. These animals provide companionship in the broadest sense for all residents and patients. As such, they are available to everyone, including the staff. 4. Animals can be â€Å"part of the living environment,† such as seen on a working farm or residential treatment center. Here, people may interact with animals who are considered part of the community of living things—plants, livestock, horses, rabbits, poultry, dogs, cats, as well as birds and animals in the wild (40). AAT can be used in a group or with an individual, but must be performed by a health/human service professional. After each visit, the patient’s progress is measured. An example of AAT would be a physical therapist using the presence of a dog to increase a stroke patient’s ambulation skills. AAT can improve the physical, mental, educational, and motivational health of a patient (About). Pet facilitated therapy (PFT) is yet another form of therapeutic aid. Prisons, hospitals, nursing homes, and other institutions use PFT. Beck states the animal’s main objective is to â€Å"act as a bridge by which therapists can reach patients who are withdrawn, uncooperative, and uncommunicative. † Upon receiving a pet, patients show a sudden emotional reaction, showing joyfulness. After a few sessions with the pet, many of the patients will start responding to human therapists. Eventually the patient will start socializing with other people when before they had no social life (Beck161-162). Animals used as therapists in prisons, is a very effective method. The pet program usually stabilizes problem prisoners (Beck 162). In an interview with Robert Kent, superintendent of the Sanger B. Powers Correctional Center in Oneida, Wisconsin, he said, â€Å"Since our dog training program started in 1997, we’ve had 68 inmates released who were involved in the program and now one has re-offended and returned to prison. This achievement was lowered costs of prisons considering that 66 percent of inmates nationwide are recidivists (Strimple 70). The idea of using pets in prisons first came from Oakwood Forensic Center in Lima, Ohio. A prison inmate found a wounded bird on the grounds and took it in the prison to care for it. The prisoners started catching bugs for the bird to eat and they started getting along with each other. When the staff noticed that animals could be an effective way of therapy, they preformed a year long study between two wards. In one ward there were no animals, and the other ward had pets. The ward with no pets had eight suicide attempts during the year while the ward with pets required half of the amount of medication, had reduced violence, and there were no attempted suicides compared to the other ward (Strimple 72). Canine candy-striping is a new form of therapy being used in a hospital at UCLA. The program began in 1994 as just another recreational activity for patients. A former nurse, Kathie Cole, convinced the hospital that animals could lift the spirits of heart-transplant patients during the months of waiting for an organ. Roosevelt writes a story about a 65-year-old patient, hospitalized for quadruple-bypass surgery: had not moved or opened her eyes in days. Her relatives, grim-faced, stood around the bed. â€Å"They thought they had lost her,† recalls Betty Walsh, a volunteer in the intensive-care unit at the UCLA Medical Center. Then Walsh ushered in Koyla, a 145-lb. shaggy white Great Pyrenees, who climbed right up onto the woman’s bed and sn uggled against her body. Five minutes passed in silence. Then the woman’s hand moved slowly toward the dog. She began to stoke his soft, thick coat. Another five minutes passed. The woman smiled and murmured, â€Å"So lovely†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"For half an hour she kept petting him and calling him ‘my friend,† says Walsh. The whole time, I watched the blood-pressure monitor go down, down, down. † Canine candy-striping is also used at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City for patients with brain and spinal cord injuries, at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond for shock therapy patients, and in Texas for children recovering in burn units and to the calmer patients in Alzheimer’s wards (Roosevelt 1). â€Å"Professional therapists have come to value animals as therapeutic aids in treating simple problems like loneliness in the elderly or more complex disorders such as severe autism in children (Beck 161). Many studies have been conducted to show that pet therapy really works. An example is a study performed on a 19 year old psychotic boy who would spend most of his time in bed. Recreational and individual therapy did not improve his condition. Before receiving electroshock therapy, a therapist decided to use the companionship of a dog. Upon seeing the dog, the boy jumped out of bed a nd held it closely. When the dog left the room, the boy followed it immediately to everyone’s surprise (Beck 157-58). Patients with pets, or patients that receive pet therapy, are proven to live longer. Pets cure loneliness, especially for the elderly. Pets take their minds off of the loneliness the patient feels and offers them a sense of security and protection. Pets also give patients the will to live by providing a calm and positive environment (Pawprints 1-2). Ellen Whiteley writes about a study where out of 92 coronary patients, 11 out of 29 people without pets that were hospitalized for one year died compared to the 3 out of 53 who had pets and died. This study clearly shows that having a pet by your side, while sick, will help your condition (1). Alan Beck states the following example of a cat helping a patient Mary: The health care team at the home meets to decide which resident can derive the greatest benefit from living in the private therapy room. The current resident, Marie, was chosen because she had no family or friends, would not communicate, and remained curled in the fetal position with no interest in living. She also had sores on her legs from continual scratching. When other measures failed, she was moved in with Handsome (the resident cat). Whenever she began to scratch her legs, the cat played with her hands and distracted her. Within a month the sores were healed. She began to watch the cat and to talk with the staff about him. Gradually she invited other residents in to visit with him. Now she converses with strangers, as well as the nursing home staff, about the cat and other subjects (158). Pets have also been used with people who experience dementia of the Alzheimers Type (DAT). â€Å"According to Thomas, animals in the nursing home setting promote diversity and stimuli for meaningful interactions between and among residents, family members, visitors, and staff (Baun 44). The presence of these animals makes for more of a home and less of an institution. Research shows that companion animals actually increase socialization and decrease agitation and physiological stress on the person with DAT. In some cases, people would train a dog to warn the caregiver if the patient was doing a dangerous activity like leaving the home (Baun 48). The dangers of pet therapy are very limited. Animals that don’t meet certain criteria are not allowed into the hospital. Domestic pets are primarily disease free, but there can be occasional rabies carriers. Hospital staff and other patients are at very high risk of disease carried by animals used for therapeutic purposes. Pets can carry in fleas and other insects that could infect and pass on a deadly disease or virus to a patient (About 9). Patients might also have exotic pets such as birds or some type of reptile. These animals carry an intestinal infection called Salmonella. If a sick patient caught this disease, their chance of survival would be slim (Beck 266). All animals must go through a certain procedure first before being allowed into the hospital. They must be tested for any type of disease before acceptance into the hospital. Sometimes AAA and PFT are not beneficial to the patient. The following are some examples: when animals cause a rivalry in a group of people, when a patient becomes possessive of a visiting animal, injury may happen due to inappropriate handling, animal selection might be too dangerous, people with brain injury might provoke an animal without realizing it, some patients might think that an animal is rejecting them and make that lower their self-esteem, allergies might cause problems, the animal might lose control and attack a patient, and diseases might be passed between the animal and the patient (About 9). PFT could also be disadvantageous to the animals. Animals that keep visiting people might cause the animal to have stress (Katcher 85). In a survey posted by Nursing Standard, readers were asked the following question: Should patients in hospital be allowed visits from pets to promote recovery? Kate Chapman who is a nurse in north London gives her response: Pets occupy a treasured place in many households and the health benefits are well known. However, the diseases that animals carry are dangerous. Groups particularly at risk are older people, pregnant women, children under five, and people with a suppressed immune system. In my experience it would be impossible to find any area in any hospital that did not have at least two representatives of the above groups†¦.. If a pet’s visit can be arranged to take place outside the hospital, where it will not put others at risk, it should be allowed (1). Mat O’Connor, a nursing student at Bournemouth University, gives his opinion on the topic as well, â€Å"Many studies have shown the positive effects that pet therapy can have on the chronically ill, older people, children and people with mental disabilities. It would seem, therefore, to be a natural progression to allow patients visits from their pets or a specially trained animal (Nursing 1). Pets help people of all ages and illnesses, but perhaps pets benefit the elderly the most. The most serious disease for the elderly is loneliness (Pawprints 1). The presence of a pet can improve morale and create a sense of humor in depressed patients (Cusack 39). Animals also give the patient the will to live in a nursing home (Pawprints 2). In a study of cats by Clark Brickel, it was proven that cats help the patients keep in touch with the real world. Patients would save food from their meals to feed to the cats if they thought the cat was looking sick. Brickel says the food saving showed that the cats were a part of the patients real life. They were aware of the cats needs and changed their behavior to accommodate the cat (Cusack 39). Pets also benefit children in growing up and maturing. The animal is sometimes used as an imaginary companion or the object of a fantasy. As the child gets older, he/she starts taking responsibility for the pet. They will start feeding them and taking them on walks. Pets also help the child find their identity when growing up (Levinson 43-47). Levinson states, â€Å"When a child has a pet with which he works and toward which he expresses a wide range of feelings, he can get a better understanding of what he is like and what his strengths and limitations are (48). † Pet therapy should start being used in hospitals world-wide. AAA, PFT, or AAT, and Canine candy-striping are very successful ways of treating patients. The Pawprints and Purrs Association states, â€Å"The innocence of animals and their ability to love makes animals special. Human beings want to be part of their world, to connect with them in a mysterious and powerful way that will strengthen and nurture both humans and animals. Pawprints 3)† Studies have proven that animals can help us live healthier, longer, and happier lives (Cusack 4). Pets are fun to watch, they provide us with companionship, they give us something to care and look after for, they give us fun activities to do, they make us feel protected, they return the elderly to play and la ughter, they work as a stimulus to exercise, and they love you back. Beck quotes, â€Å"The animal loves you whether you have just won or lost your fortune in the stock market, whether you smell of perfume or soiled underwear, whether you are old and poor or young and rich, crippled or ugly.

Mine Essay Example

Mine Essay The statements of Accounting Standards (SAS) are issued by the Nigerian Accounting Standards Board (NASB) for use by all those interested in published financial statements either as preparers or users. The NASB is a thirteen member body comprising the following organisations and establishments:  ¦ Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)  ¦ Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC)  ¦ Federal Board of Inland Revenue (FBIR)  ¦ Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF)  ¦ Federal Ministry of Commerce and Tourism (FMCT)  ¦ Nigerian Accounting Teachers’ Association (NATA) Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture (NACCIMA)  ¦ Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC)  ¦ Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE)  ¦ Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)  ¦ The Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria (CIBN)  ¦ The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN)  ¦ The Office of the Auditor General for the Federation. Standards Issuing Procedure Pri or to the issuing of any standard, a great deal of preparatory work is required which would culminate in the publication of an exposure draft. Copies of the exposure draft are sent to members and those with a special interest in the topic. After full and proper consideration and consultation, if it is seen to be desirable, an accounting standard on the topic may then be issued. In Nigeria, the SAS has precedence over other foreign standards including International Accounting Standards (IAS). Each SAS however indicates the level of compliance with the relevant IAS. SAS 1 – DISCLOSURE OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Issued Nov 1984) The purpose of this statement is to assist any reader in the understanding and the nterpretation of financial statements and the information disclosed therein. Definitions Accounting method – is the medium through which accounting concepts are applied to financial transactions and to the preparation of financial statements. Accounting Basis – the totality of methods adopted by an enterprise for applying fundamental accounting concepts to its financial transactions. There are two disti nctive accounting bases: i) Accrual basis; and ii) Cash basis. Accounting Policies – accounting policies are those bases, rules, principles, conventions and procedures adopted in preparing and presenting financial statements. We will write a custom essay sample on Mine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Accounting concepts identified by the standard are: Entity, going concern, periodicity, realisation, matching, consistency, and historical cost. Accounting principles are employed in applying accounting concepts are: substance over form, objectivity, fairness, materiality, and prudence. SAS 2 – INFORMATION TO BE DISCLOSED IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Issued Nov 1984) This standard requires that financial statements should provide quantitative and qualitative information to aid users in making informed economic decisions. Terms and meanings Accounting information – refers to the data that are found in financial statements. Accounting Period – refers to the time span, usually one year, covered by financial statements Financial Statement – consists of balance sheet, profit and loss account or income statement, notes on the account, cash flow statement, value added statement and historical financial summary. Long term – relates to a period in excess of 12 months. General Disclosures: The financial statements of an enterprise should state: ) The name of the enterprise b) The period of time covered c) A brief description of its activities d) Its legal form and e) Its relationship with its significant local and overseas suppliers including the immediate and ultimate parent, associated or affiliated company. SAS 3 ACCOUNTING FOR PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Issued Nov 1984) This statement deals with accounting for property, plant and equipment under the historical cost concept a nd the revaluation of specific items of property, plant and equipment. Definitions Property, Plant and Equipment – these are tangible assets that: a) have been acquired or constructed and held for use in the production or supply of goods and services and may include those held for maintenance or repair of such assets; and b) are not intended for sale in the ordinary course of business. Fair Value – is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between a knowledgeable willing buyer and a knowledgeable willing seller in an arm’s length transaction. Net Book Value is the amount (historical cost or valuation) at which an asset is carried in the books less related accumulated depreciation. Useful Life – of an asset is the shorter of a) The predetermined physical life and b) The economic life during which it could be profitably employed in the operations of the enterprise. Recoverable Amount is that part of the NBV of an item of property, plant and equipment that the enterprise can recover in the future through depreciation of the item including its net realisable value on disposal. SAS 4 – ON STOCKS (Issued March 1996) This statement deals with the valuation and preparation of items of stocks including livestock and agricultural produce. Stocks include those finished goods and livestock awaiting sale, work-in-progress, raw materials and supplies to be consumed in the production of goods or the rendering of services. Livestock Two major problems are associated with the valuation of livestock, namely a) determining the actual number and their existence especially animals that graze; and b) identifying the various stages of their development The following three approaches to valuation of livestock are allowed by the standard: a. Cost approach b. Net realisable value . Appraisal value Systems of stock taking – two systems of stock taking generally in use are (i) Perpetual, and (ii) Periodic Valuation of stocks – generally, stocks should be valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value. The following methods are recommended by the standard: (a) First in, First out (b) Average cost, where it consistently approximates historical cost (c) Specific identification (d) Standard cost with the adjustment for c ost variances, and (e) The adjusted selling price method (Retail Inventory Method) The following stock valuation methods are not allowed: (a) latest Purchase Price (b) Last in, First out, and (c) Base stock. SAS 5 – ON CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS (Issued August 1996) The main issues involved in accounting for construction contracts are the timing, measurement and recognition of revenue and the asset created during construction. Construction contract refers to the execution of building and civil engineering projects, mechanical and electrical engineering installations and other fabrications normally evidenced by an agreement between two or more parties. In practice, two methods are generally used for accounting for construction contracts, namely: a) the completed contracts method, and b) the percentage-of-completion method Several types of contracts exist including: (i) fixed sum (lump sum) contract (ii) Cost-plus a fixed rate contract (iii) Re-measure contract (iv) Variable-Price contract SAS 6 ON EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS AND PRIOR YEAR ADJUSTMENTS (Issued August 1986) The primary objectives of this statement are: a) to examine the issues involved in the determination of operating income in any given accounting period, and ) to prescribe the accounting treatment of extra ordinary and unusual items and prior year adjustments as well as their appropriate disclosure in financial statements. Definition: Exceptional Items – are those that though normal to the activity of an enterprise are abnormal as a result of their infrequency of occurrence and size e. g. abnormally high bad debts. Extraordinary items – are those that occur outside the ordinary activities of an enterprise and are not expected to recur frequently. Prior year adjustments – are items of revenue and expenses that were recorded this year but would have been recorded in a prior year or years if all the facts had been known at that time. These do not include adjustments for differences between actual and accounting estimates. Ordinary activities – of an enterprise are normal product lines or day-to-day activities. There are two types of reporting concepts namely, †¢ Current-Operating-Performance concepts, and †¢ All-Inclusive concepts A reporting entity should adopt the All-Inclusive Concept of reporting. SAS 7 – ON FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERSIONS AND TRANSLATIONS (Issued June 1988) The primary objectives of this statement are to provide uniform accounting treatment for: a) Foreign exchange transactions and b) The translation by a Nigerian enterprise of the financial statements of its foreign branches, subsidiaries, associates, or joint ventures based in a country other than Nigeria. Definitions Foreign Currency – is any currency other than the domestic currency, the Naira. Conversion – is the process of expressing a foreign currency amount in naira by the use of an appropriate rate of exchange. Translation – is the restating of accounting balances of foreign operations at their equivalents in naira. Exchange Rate – is the rate at which the currency of a country is exchanged for the currency of another country. Some exchange rates used in practice are: i) Official Exchange ii) Spot rate iii) Closing rate of exchange iv) Forward rate Translation of the accounts of foreign operations Three main methods of translating foreign account balances are: (i) closing rate method, (ii) temporal method, and (iii) Monetary, Non-monetary method SAS 8 – ON ACCOUNTING FOR EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT BENEFITS (issued June 1990) The primary objectives of this statement are to narrow the differences in the methods or manner used in a) measuring the amount of retirement obligations under retirement benefit plans, b) allocating the cost of the plan and recognising resulting gains or losses to the accounting periods, and c) disclosing as accurately as possible, the plan and the effects of the plan implementation on the reporting enterprise. Retirement benefits can be determined in either of two ways, namely;  ¦ as a function of years of service and earnings as a function of accumulated contributions Retirement costs are determined using Actuarial cost methods namely: i) accrued benefit cost method, ii) projected benefit cost method Actuarial gains or losses are recognised in practice in either of 3 ways viz: i) immediate recognition ii) spreading iii) averaging SAS 9 ACCOUNTING FOR DEPRECIATION (Issued Aug 1989) This stat ement provides a guide for uniform and acceptable methods of determining and reporting depreciation on items of property, plant and equipment whether stated at historical cost or revalued amounts. Depreciation – represents an estimate of the portion of the historical cost or revalued amount of a fixed asset chargeable to operations during an accounting period. Methods for Calculating Depreciation Methods based on passage of time include: (a) straight line (b) decreasing charge (i) sum-of-the-year-digit (ii) Reducing balance (c) annuity and sinking fund Methods based on the level of usage or output are a) service hour, and b) productive output SAS 10 – ACCOUNTING BY BANKS AND NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (PART 1) (Issued October 1990) This statement focuses on three main areas of concern relating to accounting practices followed by banks, namely; †¢ Income recognition †¢ Loss recognition, and †¢ Balance sheet classification Income Statement – Each principal revenue item should be stated separately in a bank’s financial statements to enable the user assess the contribution of that particular source of revenue. Balance Sheet – a bank should group its assets and liabilities in the balance sheet according to their nature and list them in order of their liquidity and maturity. SAS 11 – ON LEASES (Issued March 1991) The primary objectives of this statement are: a) to ensure that published financial statements contain sufficient information about lease transactions to make it possible for users of such statements to determine the effects of lease commitments on the present and future operations of the reporting enterprises. (b) To ensure uniform disclosure of terms and classes o f leases in financial statements. A lease is a contractual agreement between an owner (the lessor) and another party (the lessee) which conveys to the lessee the right to use the leased asset for an agreed period of time in return for a consideration, usually periodic payment called rents. Classification of Leases ) Operating lease ii) Finance or capital lease Other variants of finance or capital leases are: a) Leveraged lease b) Sales-tyoe lease c) Direct finance lease SAS 12 – ON ACCOUNTING FOR DEFERRED TAXES (Superseded by SAS 19 – Accounting for Taxes) SAS 13 – ON ACCOUNTING FOR INVESTMENTS (Issued Nov 1992) The statement focuses on three main forms of investments, namely (a) Short-term investment (b) Long-term investments, and (c) Investment properties Investments are assets acquired by an enterprise for purposes of capital appreciation or income generation without any activities in the form of production, trade, or provision of services. Valuation Short-term investments should be valued at the lower of cost and market value. Long-term investments should be carried at cost or at a revalued amount Investment properties should be carried in the balance sheet at their market value and revalued periodically an a systematic basis at least once in every three years SAS 14 – ACCOUNTING IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY: UPSTREAM ACTIVITIES (Issued Dec 1993) This statement deals with accounting and reporting for upstream activities. It does not cover the downstream activities. Upstream activities involve the acquisition of mineral interest in properties, exploration (including prospecting) development, and production of crude oil and gas. Oil and gas producing activities involve costs which may be classified as: (a) mineral right acquisition costs (b) exploration and drilling costs (c) development costs (d) production costs (e) support equipment and facilities costs, and (f) general costs Oil and Gas Accounting Methods Two basic accounting methods in common use are the Full cost and the Successful Efforts methods. A third method known as Reserve Recognition Accounting (RRA) allows an enterprise to recognise the value of proved oil and gas reserves as assets and changes in such reserve values as earnings in the Financial Statements. This method is however not in common use and is not recommended. SAS 15 – ON ACCOUNTING BY BANKS AND NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (PART II) (Issued Dec 1996) This statement seeks to provide a guide for accounting policies and accounting methods that are to be followed by non bank financial institutions as: Finance Houses/Companies  ¦ Bureaux De Change  ¦ Mortgage Institutions  ¦ Discount Houses  ¦ Stock Brokerage Firms ; and  ¦ Other Capital Market Operators SAS 16 – ACCOUNTING FOR INSURANCE BUSINESS (Issued Dec 1997) This statement establishes financial accounting and reporting standards for the financial statements of nonlife and life assurance undertakings. The business of insurance can be broadly divided into two categories: (a) General Insurance Business (non life) (b) Life Assurance Business (long term business) Basis of accounting for Insurance transaction include:  ¦ Annual Accounting  ¦ Deferred Annual accounting, and  ¦ Fund accounting General insurers are required to adopt the annual basis of accounting. Where it is not possible to determine underwriting results with reasonable certainty until the following accounting period, the deferred annual basis should be adopted. Life assurance business should be accounted for on the fund accounting basis. Balance sheet – both general insurers and life assurers should arrange their balance sheet items in order of liquidity. SAS 17 – ACCOUNTING IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY: DOWNSTREAM ACTIVITIES (issued Dec 1997) This statement provides guide on accounting practices and reporting formats to be followed by companies operating in the downstream sector of the Nigerian Petroleum Industry. Downstream activities involve transporting, refining and marketing of oil, gas and derivatives. Such companies include those engaged in:  ¦ Refining and petrochemicals  ¦ Marketing and distribution; and  ¦ Liquefied Natural Gas SAS 18 – ON STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Issued Dec 1997) This standard requires that a statement of cash flows should be part of the financial statements prepared by an organisation. It replaces the statement of source and application of funds required by SAS 2. Definitions Cash – comprises cash in hand and demand deposits, denominated in Naira and foreign currencies. Cash Equivalents – are short term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amount of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Generally, they are within three months of maturity. Cash flows – are inflows and outflows of cash equivalents There are two methods of preparing a statement of cash flows: 1) Direct method; and 2) Indirect method Classification of cash flows The standard requires that cash flow items be classified under the following headings:  ¦ Operating activities  ¦ Investing activities; and  ¦ Financing activities. Interest paid, dividend paid and other distributions to owners should be classified as cash flows from financing activities while interest received and dividend received should be classified as cash flows from investing activities except where the investor-company has significant control over he investee company and holds at least 20% of the equity. In such cases, dividends received should be classified as cash flows from operating activities. SAS 19 Accounting for Taxes (Issued December 2000) This Statement replaces the Statement of Accounting Standard No. 12. SAS 19 – Accounting for Taxes covers taxes on business organisations including Companies Income Tax, Petroleum Profit Ta x, Capital Gains Tax, Value Added Tax and Education Tax. The Statement does not cover Customs and Excise Duties and Royalties. Key Definitions Deferred Tax is the tax (liability or asset) attributable to timing differences. Input Tax (VAT) is the tax paid on goods and services purchased. Output Tax (VAT) is the tax collected by a taxable person from other parties for goods and services supplied. Permanent Differences are differences between taxable and accounting income, for a period, that are not expected to reverse in subsequent periods. Tax Expense/Tax Income is the total of current and deferred taxes charged against or credited to the income of the accounting period. Temporary Differences are the differences between the amount an asset or a liability is carried in the balance sheet and its tax base. Timing Differences are differences between the accounting income and taxable income which arise because the periods in which some items of revenue and expense are included in accounting income differ from the periods in which they are included in taxable income. Such differences originate in one period and are expected to reverse in one or other subsequent periods. Bases of providing for deferred taxes nil provision basis; partial provision basis; and full provision basis. Methods of computing Deferred tax deferral method (FIFO or Average) liability method Presentation in financial statements There are two major methods of presenting tax effects of timing differences in the financial statements: net-of-tax method (prohibited) separate line item method (permitted) Investment income should be accounted for at gross amounts and the tax withheld at source should be deducted from the tax payable. Deferred taxes should be computed using the liability method Only the timing differences that are expected to reverse during the period allowed by the tax law should be considered in computing deferred taxes for treatment either as an asset or as a charge to the deferred tax account. Full provision should be made for deferred taxes. Deferred taxes relating to ordinary activities should be shown as part of the tax on profit or loss resulting from ordinary activities. Deferred taxes relating to extraordinary items should be shown as part of the tax on extraordinary items. Capital gains tax should be included in the tax expense for the period. Where capital gains tax relates to a disposal treated as an extraordinary item, it should be stated as a deduction from the item. Where non-recoverable VAT in respect of an expense item should be expensed. Where a non-recoverable VAT is paid in respect of an item of fixed asset, the VAT should be capitalised as part of the cost of the fixed asset. The net amount owing to or due from the tax authority should form part of debtors or creditors. Where recoverable VAT remains consistently outstanding for three years, it should be fully provided for. Output VAT should be excluded from the turnover shown in the profit and loss account. Disclosure Requirements The following components of tax expense (income) should be disclosed by way of notes: Company income tax; Petroleum profit tax; Capital gains tax; Education tax; and Deferred tax. Taxes on extraordinary items and prior year adjustments Deferred tax balance should be presented in the balance sheet separately in the case of liability, between long term and current liabilities and in case of assets, between fixed and current assets. Movements in tax accounts should be shown as follows: Current Taxes balance at the beginning of the peri od; tax charge or credit for the period; payments made during the period; tax credits received during the period; and balance at the end of the period. Deferred taxes balance at the beginning of the period; current year provision (reversal); and balance at the end of the period. TUTORIAL NOTE ON DEFERRED TAXATION – SAS 19 IAS 12 (Revised) Background The amount of tax payable in any particular period does not necessarily bear a direct relationship to the amount of profit or loss shown on the income statement. This is because the tax laws provide for the computation of the taxable income for a period based on rules different from the generally accepted accounting principles followed while preparing the income statement. In order to account for the tax effects of all transactions occurring within a period, a deferred tax asset or liability (as appropriate) is usually recognise. This is in line with the matching concept. Key Terms Deferred Tax Liabilities are the taxes payable in future accounting periods attributable to timing differences. Permanent Differences are differences between taxable and accounting income, for a period, that are not expected to reverse in subsequent periods. Tax Expense/Tax Income is the total of current and deferred taxes charged against or credited to the income of the accounting period. Temporary Differences are the differences between the amount an asset or a liability is carried in the balance sheet and its tax base. Temporary differences may be either taxable differences or deductible differences. The tax base of an asset or liability is the amount attributed to that asset or liability for tax purposes. Timing Differences are differences between the accounting income and taxable income which arise because the periods in which some items of revenue and expense are included in accounting income differ from the periods in which they are included in taxable income. Such differences originate in one period and are expected to reverse in one or other subsequent periods. While all timing differences are temporary differences, not all temporary differences are timing differences. Bases of Providing for Deferred Taxes The objective of providing for deferred taxes is to ensure that the tax expense reported in an income statement of a particular period reflects the tax effects of transactions included in the accounting profit/loss of the period. Permanent differences are not taken into consideration as they do not affect other periods. In providing for deferred taxes, three major bases are commonly in use. These are: nil provision basis; partial provision basis; and full provision basis. Under the nil provision basis, the tax effects of timing differences are ignored completely. Only the tax payable in respect of the accounting period is charged to income in that period and no provision is made for deferred taxes. Proponents of this basis hold the view that since tax liability arises only on taxable income and not on accounting income, there is no need to provide for deferred taxes. However, this practice is not recommended because it could understate or overstate the tax expense for the period. Under the partial provision basis, the tax effects of some timing differences are excluded from the computation of deferred taxes when there is reasonable evidence that those timing differences will not reverse for some considerable number of years. Supporters of this basis argue that deferred tax has to be provided for only where there is a high probability that the tax will become payable as a result of the reversal of timing differences. Opponents of this basis argue that the current deferred taxes will reverse. It may only be replaced by other originating differences in future. This practice is also not recommended because the amount of the provision is subjective. The full provision basis takes into account all the timing differences. Proponents of this basis submit that financial statements of a particular period are expected to recognise the tax effects of all the transactions occurring in that period. Opponents of this basis argue that there is the problem as to whether, and why, distant and contingent possibilities of paying greater tax in the future should be recognised now as liabilities in the account. This practice is prudent and acceptable internationally and is the basis required by SAS 19. Methods of Computation The tax effect of a timing difference is computed as the difference between the tax computed after taking into account the transaction(s) giving rise to the timing difference and the tax computed without including such transaction(s). There are two methods of computing deferred taxes: deferral method liability method Deferral Method Under this method, deferred taxes are determine on the basis of the prevailing tax rates when the timing differences originate. No adjustments are made later to recognise subsequent changes in tax rates. Reversals of the tax effects of timing differences are accounted for using the tax rates current at the time the differences arose. In practice, the rates used may be either an average rate to date, or a rate determined through the first-in-first-first-out approach. A basic argument against the deferral method is that the balance of deferred taxes may not represent the actual amount of additional taxes payable or recoverable in the periods that timing differences reverse. Liability method Under this method, the amount of deferred tax is computed using the tax rate expected to be in force during the period in which the timing differences reverse. Usually, the current tax rate is used as a reasonable estimate of the future tax rates, unless changes in tax rates are known in advance. As a result, the deferred tax provision represents the best estimate of the amount which would be payable or recoverable if the relevant timing differences reverse. Thus, the difference between income tax expense and income tax payable for the period is directly adjusted on the deferred tax balance. When accounting for timing differences results in a debit balance, and there is reasonable expectation of its recovery, it is usually carried forward as an asset. Presentation in Financial Statements There are two major methods of presenting tax effects of timing differences in the financial statements: net-of-tax method separate line item method Net-of-Tax-Method Under this method, the tax effects of timing differences (determined by either the deferral or liability method) are not reported separately; instead, they are reported as adjustments to the carrying amounts of specific assets or liabilities and the related revenues or expenses. Although this method recognises that the values of assets and liabilities are affected by tax considerations, it fails to distinguish between transactions and their tax effects and thus it is not recommended. Separate Line Item Method Under this method, the tax effects in the financial statements are shown separately from the items or transactions to which they relate. The main advantage of this method is that it distinguishes between an item and its tax effects. Disclosure Requirements The major components of tax expense or income shall be disclosed separately  ¦ the amount of deferred tax expense (income) relating to the origination and reversal of temporary differences  ¦ the amount of a deferred tax asset and the nature of the evidence supporting its recognition  ¦ an explanation of changes in the applicable tax rate(s) compared to the previous accounting period  ¦ an explanation of the relationship between tax expense (income) and accounting profit (i. e. econciliation o f effective to statutory tax rate)  ¦ the aggregate current and deferred tax relating to items that are charged or credited to equity  ¦ the amount of deferred tax expense (income) relating to changes in tax rates or the imposition of new taxes DEFERRED TAXES – Points to Note  ¦ Deferred taxes should be computed using the liability method  ¦ Only the timing differences that are expected to reverse during the period allowed by the tax law should be considered in computing deferred taxes for treatment either as an asset or as a charge to the deferred tax account.  ¦ Full provision should be made for deferred taxes (Full basis). Deferred taxes relating to ordinary activities should be shown as part of the tax on profit or loss resulting from ordinary activities.  ¦ Deferred taxes relating to extraordinary items should be shown as part of the tax on extraordinary items.  ¦ Deferred taxes, other than those relating to extraordinary items or prior year adjustments, sh ould be shown separately from the items or transaction to which they relate.  ¦ Deferred tax balance should be presented in the balance sheet separately in the case of liability, between long term and current liabilities and in case of assets, between fixed and current assets. The tax effect relating to the increase in the carrying value of a revalued asset should be determined and charged or credited directly to equity. SAS 20: Abridged Financial Statements (Issued Dec 2001) The primary objectives of this Statement are to: specify the minimum contents of Abridged Financial Statements; standardise formats for presentation of Abridged Financial Statements; and improve comparability and usefulness of Abridged Financial Statements. Abridged Financial Statements should carry a declaration that: a) they are abridged financial statements; ) the financial statements and the specific disclosures included in them have been derived from the full financial statements of the company; c) the abridged financial statements cannot be expected to provide as full an understanding of the financial performance, financial position and financing and investing activities of the organisation as the full financial statements; and d) copies of the full financial statements can b e obtained from the Registrars of the company. A company whose financial statements for a period are qualified by its auditors should not publish Abridged Financial Statements for that period. Abridged Financial Statements must include the following as in the full financial statements: a) accounting policies; b) profit and loss account for the financial year; c) balance sheet as at the end of the financial year; d) statement of cash flows for the financial year; e) notes in relation to exceptional and extraordinary items; f) five-year financial summary; and g) any other information necessary to ensure that the abridged financial statements are consistent with the full accounts and reports for the year. Other information to be included in an abridged financial statements are: a) Notice of Annual General Meeting; b) Names of Directors during the year and their shareholdings; c) Report of the Audit committee which should confirm that the auditors report is unqualified; d) Financial highlights (Result at a glance); and e) Dividends paid or proposed and dates of payment. Disclosure  ¦ Material events occurring after the balance sheet date; and  ¦ Where there is a change in accounting policy or estimates  ¦ Informatio

Motivation and Determination in the Film The Replacements

Motivation and Determination in the Film The Replacements Introduction The film, â€Å"The Replacements† depicts the dedication and devotion of the Washington Sentinels football players to succeed. It starts with a strike by the team’s professional players, technical bench and even the cheerleaders at a critical point of the season forcing the team’s owner, Edward O’Neil, to hire a retired coach, Jimmy McGinty, who hurriedly assembles a new team.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Motivation and Determination in the Film â€Å"The Replacements† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The players of the new team happen to be former players with diverse interests making it hard for them to cooperate. Despite the perceived incompatible individual interests, motivation allows the team to succeed. The players include Shane Falco, a former player for Ohio State football team, a player from Wales, gangster rapper brothers and a deaf player. Despit e weak teamwork spirit at the beginning and opposition from former players, the team manages to reach the final playoffs. The team learns to cooperate and with support from cheerleaders headed by Annabelle Farrell, who is romantically involved with Shane, the team is able to advance into the final playoffs. In the finals, mistreatment of other players by the quarterback, Eddie Martell, causes the team to play poorly almost losing the game; however, help from a motivated Shaun, who returns in the second half, enables the team to win the finals. Motivation and Determination Motivation is important in organizations as â€Å"it builds willingness by the players or staff to work in order for the organization to achieve its goals (Goldratt and Cox 77). It bridges the gap between the ability or competence possessed by an employee and the willingness to work. Motivation also helps in building friendly interpersonal relationships amongst workers. The management should strive to keep the sta ff informed regarding the events of an organization. In addition, motivation boosts the spirit of teamwork and morale making the workers to perform more effectively. Motivation also creates a sense of belonging to an organization, which helps to build teamwork spirit and morale. Teamwork encourages â€Å"team members to strive hard to achieve common goals adding to the success of the organization† (Kotter 112). Additionally, motivation helps to improve individual performance of the workers leading to improved organizational performance as each individual strives to give his or her best. Furthermore, motivation allows the subordinates to develop self-confidence in what they do, which encourages them also to do their best on top of encouraging them to develop a sense of responsibility, which leads to employee developing initiatives to better their performance and develop cooperation towards team activities.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Motivation is an important factor in enhancing employee satisfaction. Motivation through incentives provides a good working relationship between employees and the management as the employee unrest and industrial disputes reduce. Additionally, motivated employees would be less resistant to organizational changes that improve productivity of the organization. Improved productivity is the main goal of most organizations. Determination and dedication are other important elements that contribute success. Determination facilitates the achievement of organizational goals because it encourages Cooperation and coordination of the work force. Employee’s determination and dedication contributes to the stability of the work force. Good management that emphasizes on motivating its employees helps to increase the employee loyalty and determination in their work that in turn promotes retention of skill ed and efficient employees who help curve a good public image of the enterprise. The Replacements In the movie, ‘The Replacements†, lack of motivation among the players is most evident. When the newly appointed coach, Jimmy McGinty, visits Shane with a requisition to join the team, he is reluctant to accept the offer. He at first lacks the motivation to play, the reason being, he had suffered a major defeat as a player in the Sugar Bowl some years earlier and suffered ridicule later on. The coach advises him to ‘chase his dreams or take the red bill’. He however accepts the request and joins the team. Lack of dedication to the team made the pro football team to go on strike demanding a pay hike from five million dollars a year to seven million. They make a line in the stadium singing â€Å"solidarity forever† and refusing to participate in matches, which in turn forces the Sentinel’s owner to recruit the retired coach. The former pros lack of d edication makes them to resort to industrial action to resolve the dispute. However, new replacements are hired to complete the season, an act that angers the pros who try to disrupt the first game involving the new players. The script is not clear whether the cheerleaders strike is to support the striking Sentinel players; nevertheless, one thing is evident; they end up replacing the cheerleaders with strippers from a local club, which shows the lack of professionalism in the replacement team. In addition, the conduct of the striking team is wanting. They throw eggs at the bus of the replacement team and even overturn Shane’s truck.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Motivation and Determination in the Film â€Å"The Replacements† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the makeup team, the players are losers and predictably, the team is not expected to perform. However, the team proves critics wron g when it emerges winners at the end of the film, an unexpected result as the team players do not like each other on top of disagreeing openly in the field. Additionally, there is lack of teamwork and cooperation as John Favreau, a replacement player who is a trained SWAT member tackles his own teammate, Shaun, rendering him ineffective throughout the remainder of the first game. In the build up to the final game, the owner of the Washington Sentinels team instructs the coach to play Eddie Martel despite having promised to give full autonomy to the coach. The team’s owner instructs the coach to field Eddie Martel in the final game and this tall order frustrates the coach who tells his favorite quarterback, Falco, of the decision. Consequently, the two (the coach and the player) are left unmotivated and even Falco takes Anabelle, the captain cheerleader on a date as a way of dealing with his depression. Approaches to Motivation The theory of motivation explains how motivation takes place in individuals and how it helps them to achieve their goals. The expectancy theory explains, â€Å"The desire to achieve a certain goal and the chances of success gives rise to motivation† (Miner 48). This theory gives the necessary conditions in achieving motivation; that is, the effort-to-performance expectancy and the performance-to-outcome expectancy should be more than zero. In the film, to achieve high motivation among the players, the coach should have determined the outcomes that each player wanted before making sure that the desired performances were met. Motivation is derived from satisfaction of the outcomes of a performance. To achieve satisfaction, change of perception regarding the assigned task is necessary. The replacement players’ perceptions regarding their own inadequacies deterred them from achieving greater success. The other theory that explains how team motivation can be achieved is the equity theory. According to this theory develope d by Stacy Adams, the individual evaluates whether a treatment is fair compared to the treatment given to others before choosing to participate in a given task. If the individual feels not rewarded equitably, he or she strives to reduce the inequity. In the film, scenes such as the owner’s insistence that the coach allows Eddie Martel to play instead of Falco, makes Falco feel under rewarded for his efforts. In addition, towards the end of the film, the coach tells the audience that even after winning their last game that allowed them to advance into the final playoffs, the players left the game with no endorsement deals or cheers from fans. The players, having achieved great success, which many did not expect, deserved to be cheered to motivate them and enhance their morale.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Attribution theory describes the importance of attributing one’s successes or failures to internal or external factors. Attributions â€Å"determine an individual’s motivational drive† (Beck 98). Self-serving attributions entails blaming others for a misfortune. The pros of Washington Sentinels attributed their team’s failure to the management resulting to a strike. Additionally, replacement players had odd characters and the opportunity to play for the Sentinels was a welcome chance to escape from aspects of their personal characters that they did not like. The players sought to escape uncomfortable realities about their lives and this constitutes escape theory. Conclusion Motivation is important in achieving employee satisfaction and determination in an organization. It also enhances improved performance of the employees, which contributes greatly to the increase in productivity of an organization. Motivation also promotes the willingness of the workers to strive for improved performance. In the film, ‘The Replacements’, the professional players were not motivated and showed this by staging a successful strike that led to the creation of makeup team to complete the season, which also lacked motivation. No common goals were set for the replacement players and as a result, they could not endeavor to be successful. Motivational theories describe the motivational drive in individuals that allows them to achieve higher performance. Beck, Robert. â€Å"Motivation: Theories and Principles.† New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 2000. Goldratt, Eliyahau, and Cox, Jeff. Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality And Development; (Essays in Social Psychology). Philadelphia: Psychology Press, 2000. Kotter, John. Leading Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1996. Miner, John. Role Motivation Theories: People and Organizations. New York: Routledge, 1993.

How to Stay Organized With Your Marketing [PODCAST]

How to Stay Organized With Your Marketing [PODCAST] Do you have too much on your plate? Are you spread too thin? Are you constantly putting out fires? All of these are symptoms of a bigger problem, and oftentimes, that problem is a lack of prioritizing and planning ahead. If you see yourself in any of this, you will not want to miss today’s episode. We are talking to Jana Barrett, the senior content marketing manager at GetFeedback. In her position, she needs to balance prioritizing with getting all of her projects done. Today we’re going to talk about setting priorities for your projects, coming up with great ideas, and getting it all organized so you don’t fall behind. Information about GetFeedback and what Jana does there as the head of content marketing. How Jana finds a balance between strategic work and executing projects, particularly on the importance of seeing the forest for the trees and not getting caught up in minutiae. Jana’s system for time management: How she uses calendars and spreadsheets. Why it’s important for a marketing team to get feedback from a sales team and how this strategy helps the marketing team get closer to the customer. Where Jana’s first marketing ideas came from during her earliest projects. What the typical workflow looks like at GetFeedback, how they do their scheduling, and how far out they plan their content. Jana’s best advice for someone trying to get more organized and set better work priorities. Links: GetFeedbackIf you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Jana: â€Å"We were really focused on the big picture instead of tossing hours and minutes down the drain by getting caught up with data and charts.† â€Å"When you get feedback from the people that are having direct conversations with the humans on the other side of the phone or the computer or the table, you are able to connect to them.† â€Å"Being able to say no to things, to yourself, and to other people is really important in a content creation position.†

Project Planning and Management for Fire Company Essay

Project Planning and Management for Fire Company - Essay Example Formulation of the business strategies involves strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. Various evaluation techniques include SWOT, STEEL PEST, and PISTEL. PISTEL helps in simple evaluation and is easy to use and understand. Fire is one of the most important facilities in our daily lives; it provides energy for transformation of goods to more usable and sellable products. It is also used for generation of electrical energy and other forms of energy that help in the manufacturer of goods and services. The great saying that fire is a useful servant but a bad master holds. Uncontrolled fire leads to destruction of property, loss of lives as well as causing major and minor injuries on the victims. To counter the negative effects of fire, various methods have been adapted by man, first is the insurance against the effects of fire. This insurance policy guarantees compensations if such losses occur. The insured person is compensated for loss of life, loss of property and any other loss that he may experience during the fire outbreak provided it is stipulated in the policy. Secondly, the company or individual may also install protective mechanism that helps suppressing the fire when it occurs. ... If the fire fighting company does not have enough facilities to fight with the fire, or if the staff are not well organized, or if other circumstance delay their response. Their services might be affected and this may lead cancellation of the contract and loses by the fire company. The fire firm must be well managed for it to be successful in its operations (Ash & Burn, 2002). The development of a strategic plan is very important in the overall success of the fire company. Careful evaluation need to be done by the firm to ensure that it offers very good services to its clients and also stimulate its employees to perform well. For the company to perform well, it must first develop it mission, vision and objectives clearly. The firm then must work towards fulfilling these goals. To archive these goals the firm must develop plans and policies which will aid it to archive the set goals. STRATEGY FORMULATION This is the first step is the formulation of the strategy, to formulate this strategy the following are necessary. Situation analysis This is the evaluation of the nature of the situation around the geographical area where the company wishes to establish the business. For the fire company the is need to evaluate if there are companies or individuals which need fire protection services, the events of previous fire outbreaks are also necessary as they help during the marketing stage of the service and fire fighting equipment. For example selling of fire fighting equipment and offering fire protection services in a town with numerous fire outbreaks is very profiting. The company management needs to carry out this situational analysis's in order to evaluate the feasibility of the project. The size of the market is also paramount during situational

How do western media cover China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

How do western media cover China - Essay Example Historically, western nations of the world have risen and developed much earlier than those from the far east, especially South East Asia. Such developments in the west from the fifteenth century have radically shaped the image of Europe being a forerunner in progress. It has set the standard for the rest of the world to emulate (Cao, 2012). This has developed an arrogance which claims the western portrayal of the ‘orient’ as incapable of ‘modernization’ (Said, 1978). From nineteenth century scholars such as Marx and Hegel, to modern authors such as Fukuyama (1989), non-Western nations have been portrayed as technologically and socio-politically inferior to western countries. Three Events Meriting Media Coverage for the World Guo (2012) identified three major events in Chinese history in 2008 that have been portrayed by western media in several ways. These are the Tibetan riots in March, The Wenchuan Earthquake in May and the Olympic Games in August. With th ese three events happening in a span of a few months, China has received a wide variety of impressions from all over the world thanks to the subjectivity/ objectivity of news delivery of western media. The Tibetan riots were impelled by political causes and were highlighted with the conflicts and disputes on religion, freedom of speech and politics between Chinese society and western media. These riots attracting much attention from media and may have conveyed to the world that political instability can result from such a spectacle. The overall perception created by the western media was allegedly â€Å"inaccurate, ideologically biased against and unfair towards China† (Guo, 2012, p. 78). Chinese scholars thought that western media coverage of the Tibetan riots portrayed it as a government crackdown instead of a mere act of riot or unrest from a minority of the population of civilians (Guo, 2012). They felt that the foreign correspondents sided with the Tibetan rioters who we re described as suppressed in their fight for freedom and equal human rights. On the other hand, these correspondents were critical and suspicious of the Chinese government. Further, such reporting of the news on the riots was not constrained to the event itself but was linked and analyzed with other protest actions such as the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989 and a possible boycott of the forthcoming Beijing Olympics a few months after the riots (Zhao, 2008). The negative impression created by this western media coverage affected people’s anticipation of negative outcomes in the holding of the Olympics in China in the same year. What was expected to be an exciting and momentous sports event was marred by an anti-Chinese torch relay during the Olympics because of the earlier Tibetan riots (Zhang & Yu, 2008). Such display of rebellion has turned world opinion against China, and this was highlighted by western media (Guo 2012). Hosting the Olympics meant a big deal to China si nce it represented an achievement of a long-held ambition to show the world that sport is taken quite seriously in this country, not merely for fun or physical competition. For China, it is about national honor, pride or shame. The Olympic spirit is tightly intertwined with the Chinese nationalist sentiment (Guo 2012). The great anticipation in planning this grand event was disappointed by the natural disaster of an earthquake and the human intervention of a rambunctious riot meant to divert attention from the grandeur of the Olympics. In contrast, the Wenchuan

Prelab for Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Essay Example for Free

Prelab for Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Essay 1). Weigh a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Make sure the glassware is clean and free of any cracks or stars. Also, take note of the temperature of water, as volume varies with temperature 2). Transfer a portion of the water to flask with a pipette and record the mass of flask with the water. Use this data to calculate how much water was transferred from the pipette to the flask. 3). Repeat step two 4 times, ensuring the remaining results are similar to the first trial. Use this data to calculate the mean amount of water transferred and the standard deviation between the data points. Calibration of a 50 mL Buret: 1). Fill the buret with 50 mL of the temperature-equilibrated water. Be as precise as possible in order to obtain reliable data. If the volume changes over a period of a few minutes, obtain a new buret. Be sure to obtain the temperature of the water as well. 2). Weigh a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask with its stopper. Again, make sure the flask is sanitary and has no cracks or stars. 3). At a rate of 20 mL/min, open the buret stopper and allow 10.00 mL of water to submerge into the flask. Remember to seal off the flask as soon as the water stops in order to minimize evaporation. 4). Using the technique of reading meniscus’s, record the volume reading for the buret to the hundreds place. The last significant digit may be an approximation. 5). Weigh of the stopped Erlenmeyer flask with the water on a scale. Determine the quantity of water transferred from the buret by finding the mass difference from the flask with no water vs. the new weight. 6). Repeat the steps from three to five four more times for the remaining volume of the buret and repeat the whole procedure again with a new 50 mL volume. Remember to record all data. Also, make sure to repeat data that is not duplicated correctly to ensure accurate and precise results. 7). Use the correction data from table one in order to find the true volume of water transferred based on the temperature. Create tables of the recorded data as well as a plot of the correction data with the apparent volume with labeled axis. Perform Calculations 8). Dispose of all glassware and materials accordingly and clean up the lab area. Hazards: No harmful chemicals will be dealt with in this lab. The only safety hazard is to be cautious of broken or chipped glassware that may cut one’s skin. Make sure to report any mutilated glassware to TA and accidents in the lab must be handled properly.

Margaret Fell Fox Essays -- essays research papers

Margaret Askew Fell Fox In the seventeenth century, a commanding female public minister emerged during the radical religious movement of Quakerism. Margaret Askew Fell Fox was one of the founding members of the Religious Society of Friends, and was popularly known as the "Mother of Quakerism". She has been known less as a minister and more as a founder and provider of financial support then other young women. Throughout this paper I will refer to her as Fell Fox, name she acquired through marriages during her lifetime. Through her struggles and triumphs, radical actions and beliefs, and her desire to worship God, Fell Fox had a significant impact on the world around her. In this essay, I hope to share how Fell Fox’s life, writings, and actions contributed to her radical contribution to life in seventeenth century England. In 1614, Fell Fox was born in Lancashire, England. She was born into the landed gentry, a level of society with both good education and breeding. In her late teens, she married an older man, a highly respected judge, by the name of Thomas Fell. Fell was politically involved in the society and several times was a member of Parliament. During their marriage, Fell inherited a house from his father and he and Margaret lived at the estate. The estate had been named Swarthmoor Hall by Fell’s father. During that time, Fell was often away from home on court circuits. Fell was well known in the region for his hospitality to travelers, and accordingly, the Hall was open to travelers. Fell Fox followed her husband’s desire for hospitality. In June 1652, George Fox came to Swarthmoor while Fell was away on a circuit. (Fox was later credited with being the founder of the Quakers.) When Fell returned home, Fell Fox and their nine children were no longer attending their community Anglican Church. Instead, Fell Fox had deeply involved her family and herself in the â€Å"Principle and Persuasion† that was introduced to her through Fox. We have later learned that the moment Fell Fox met Fox, she changed her religious alliance. According to a analysis of Fell Fox’s works, her conversion from the Anglican Church to Quakerism revealed â€Å"none of the traditional Puritan obsession with self-doubt and self-introspection, while going through a gradual faith-awakening proc... ...aking. Wallingford: Pendle Hill Publishers, 1976. First Feminists: British Women Writers 1578 – 1799. ed. Moria Ferguson. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985. Kunze, Bonnelyn Young. Margaret Fell and the Rise of Quakerism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. _____. â€Å"An Unpublished Work of Margaret Fell.† Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 1986. Ross, Isabel. Margaret Fell, Mother of Quakerism. London: Longman, 1984. Primary:  ¬Fell, Margaret. Margaret Fells Answer to Allan Smallwood Dr. Priest of Grastock in Cumberland. London: 1668 _____. Margaret Fell to John Rouse (her son in law) and Wife, 1st of 8th Month, 1664. London: 1664. _____. A Paper Concerning Such as are Made Ministers. H.W., 1659. _____. A True Testimony from the People of God. London: Robert Wilson, 1660. _____. Women’s Speaking Justified, Proved, and Allowed by the Scriptures. Augustan Reprint Society. Fox, George. A Journal of George Fox. London: 1694. Fox, Margaret Fell. The Testimony of Margaret Fox, Concerning her Late Husband, George Fox; Together with a Brief Account of Some of his Travels, Sufferings, and Hardships Endured for the Truth’s Sake. London: 1964.

What Extend Was the Religious Settlement of Elizabeth’s Own?

October 13th Morta Ramoskaite Y12 History. Homework. Essay. To what extend was the Religious settlement of Elizabeth’s own choosing? There, in Britain, were many changes which occurred in religion between 1558 and 1629. These changes happened because of famous Britain queen Elizabeth the 1st . This Queen was born to be a Protestant all her life. So, this is because all the Catholics were against her. She had to think a lot how to do that the Protestants and the Catholics could live together in one country and be friendly to each other.All these events did that Elizabeth made new Religious settlement such as rules for the English Protestants and Catholic and also she was pushed to do some settlements for instance because of difficult 1st passage suggesting the 2nd settlement was a compromise. But, I think that extend the Religious settlement was Elizabeth’s own choosing because she was a Protestant, the Catholics were against her and she wanted to be sure that nobody wil l not make troubles in her career as a queen. First of all, the most important thing was that she was born in a Protestant family.Her father – Henry VIII king of England had six wives, it was illegal in Catholic Church. Elizabeth was his and Anne Boleyn child. Anne was the third wife of Henry VIII they had not had mirage in Catholic Church. So she was a Protestant since she born. This was the main problem in her life like a queen. She made a lot of new settlements in period 1558 – 1629. She made that in her county would be two religions. Also, because she was a Protestant all of Protestants were for her so she was not afraid of them. So, this the reason she helped for them.For example, Protestants had two prayer books written by Edward. One was written in 1549 and another in 1552. In these books communion prayer is said twice: ‘’In memory’’; ’’This is the body’’. In the same way Protestants had only English hymns n ot Latin and the word of god was English. Elizabeth also change that Protestant got new communion tables and alter were replacing with them. The most important thing for her was Church’s and priest’s image. One of her settlement is saying that walls in Protestant Churches have to white wacked, and windows have to be from plain glass not from colorful.Priests had to wear Vestments. However, she did not let them married so they were still in celibates. All these settlements let for Protestants think that they are better than Catholics because they had more freedom. So, Catholic Church was really angry on Elizabeth. But she made this because she was Protestant and it was better for her that Protestants took better position than Catholics. Protestants protected her from ‘’war’’ with Catholic Church. I think that it was good choice because with these settlements she made new country which was better and more loyal for her like a queen.However, Que en Elizabeth the 1st did not forget the Catholic Church and changed some roles for them too. I think that the main reason why she created new settlements for the Church of Catholics was that all Catholics were against her. They could not understood you the Queen of England can be Protestant, they wanted new king or queen. So, this was the sign that Elizabeth has to do something with them. She made new roles like that, that the Catholics had to be happy that they are not presented (‘’ Won’t make windows into men souls’’).She banned some of the Catholic’s practices for example, some of the sacraments were banned, relics, fake miracles, even candles were banned. I think that she hated Catholics because of them not loyal thinking about her. But she tried to find a compromise with them so this is because she let still have fundamentally in transubstantiation, and clerical vestments – celebrate priests. On the other hand, she agreed with Hie rarchy of Catholic Church that the queen is in the top of hierarchy.So, I think that all these new settlements for the Catholic Church was her own choosing, because she tried to make all England loyal for her but not against her. In my opinion these roles were good for Catholic Church because without it I think now England would have really strong Catholic Church life, but because of Elizabeth and because of some events, which were happened in her life’s time like a queen, we have Anglicans in England not Christians. Finally, I think that Elizabeth’s settlements were really clever and this is because she was thinking all the time how to find the best choice.Although she was a Protestant Queen all her time of changing the settlements she was thinking not only about the Protestants but also she was thinking about the Catholics. As we know she was trying to find the best suggest for both of Religions. She was really very careful when she was trying to find a balance betwe en two of different Religions that these two Religions could live together in one country without fights, and in country which has one queen and all of this country citizens would be loyal and good for them queen.It was the hardest thing in her live and also it was like a goal in all her queen’s life. However, in these settlements and rules was some kind of things that were understood only by queen nobody could not understood what she wanted to say with this settlement. Some of the settlements shows that they are in a control by queen and did not matter how they look like she was happy with that and she really did not want to change it. For example it can be that Vestments were controversy in period of year 1564- 1566.Also, she had opportunity to say for the Protestants when they can go to Jaw Christians. So, she was really queen inside her body because she was doing everything that all country would be in her hands. To sum up, I think that these changes of Religions settleme nt in England was Elizabeth’s the 1st own choosing. Because of herself . As we know she was a Protestant so she made for the Protestant’s Church more better settlements that for the Catholic’s Church. So, we can say that she tried to make her career as a queen the best as it possible and it worked.

Architecture in Context: Urban Design of Kuala Lumpur City

ARCHITECTURE IN CONTEXTChapter 1: Introduction 002.jpg" alt="424469" /> Figure 1a: Urban design of Kuala Lumpur metropolis Urban design shows both the functional and aesthetic facets of the City’s built environment. Urban design ( Figure 1a ) , developed harmonizing to policy model and guidelines, creates a desirable life environment every bit good as giving a metropolis an appropriate image and individuality. Like most metropoliss in the underdeveloped universe, Kuala Lumpur has grown quickly and changed a batch from 1960s until now. Kuala Lumpur becomes one of the strongest Asiatic metropoliss in universe economic system during 21Thursdaycentury. The alterations are non merely in footings of edifice building and besides the ‘growing’ of the city’s skyline. Figure 1b: Location of Kampung Baru Some of high-rise edifices appear bit by bit in the metropolis and turn vertically from the skyline of metropolis. However, in Kampung Baru country ( Figure 1b ) , it creates a most contrast phenomenon which is high rise edifices and old houses appear together in the aureate trigon of the metropolis. High-rise edifice prototype of modern, high engineering and comfortable edifice while old houses conjure images of old, conservative and disintegrating houses. High rise edifice has its commercial value and makes a part to the economic system of our state however old houses contain its historical value and stand for the beginning characteristics of metropolis development. There are some contradiction and struggle against to do think of pulverizing the old houses in the metropolis to do manner for more future development. The aim of composing this essay is to measure and analyze the skyline of KL country and the urban developed schemes from the past until presents. Besides that, to look into and understand the cultural contexts, societal and faith which influence a batch to the people who lives in that country are besides parts of the aims. Identify the demands, perceptual experiences and values of specific cultural communities make a clear apprehension of the architecture issue. Chapter 2: History BACKGROUND Chapter 2.1: History background of the alterations of KL city’s development Figure 2.1: Natural characteristic of KL in 1960Figure 2.2: The development of KL in 80s Kuala Lumpur was established in 1857 and the KL’s skyline has changed over the old ages. In around 1960, Kuala Lumpur was a simply light-green piece of land ( Figure 2.1 ) with a few of edifices. Towards 80’s ( Figure 2.2 ) , it was the period when the Malayan economic system truly raised up upon. The city’s skyline started to alter quickly until the terminal of 90’s. Harmonizing to the information, this period was Malayan economic system grew more than 8 % per twelvemonth for more than a decennary. Figure 2.3: Significant development of KL in 1991Figure 2.4: Skyline of KL in presents The 1990 was a important decennary to the state due to the economic system down bend in the twelvemonth 1997. Not merely did Malaysia manage to prolong unbelievable growing, the other state did besides travel into the Great Financial Crisis. This fiscal crisis caused most of Malaysia’s important developments ( Figure 2.3 ) were made. There are many building undertakings that are being built include the building of the KL Tower and the Petronas Towers. The development of Kuala Lumpur was easy being expanded from the get downing twelvemonth of 2000. In a short period, the skyline of Kuala Lumpur ( Figure 2.4 ) has grown a batch in order to provide the demand of population presents. This resulted in the outgrowth of big capacity of high rise edifices in the metropolis. Not merely it brings an economic system consequence to our state, and besides received a batch of investing from foreign state. It boosts up a batch of concern and employment chance around the metropolis. Chapter 2.2: History background of Kampung Baru country Figure 2.5: Kampung Baru country at the bosom of metropolis Even so, there is a portion of traditional houses country turns up meanwhile at the bosom of metropolis ( Figure2.5 ) . The being of traditional houses which called Kampung Baru creates a strong contrast between modern architecture edifices and traditional houses. Kampung Baru has been established since 1899 by the British authorities under the name of â€Å"Malay Agricultural Settlement† ( M.A.S ) as a particular country reserved specifically for the Malays in Kuala Lumpur. It has 35,000 populations and an country mensurating 153.35 kilometer2. Figure 2.6: Traditional Malay houses of Kampung Baru The Kampung Baru is characterized by comparative tranquility and neat layout of traditional Malay houses ( Figure 2.6 ) , has comparatively been retarded in its development with hapless roads and sanitation even though the remainder of metropolitan of Kuala Lumpur is basking a roar in economic growing and prosperity. Up to the 1930s, Kampung Baru was strictly a residential small town colony with houses built of wood and supported by pile, with a little gallery, large life room ( normally with no more than three sleeping rooms ) surrounded by garden harvests ( such as chili, banana, tapioca ) and widespread raising of domestic fowl. In this urban small town merely north of the metropolis centre the houses are largely one or two floors. Kampung Baru was ab initio a residential colony in Kuala Lumpur for Malay lower income group. [ 1 ] In the 1970s, there was a little group of Kampung Baru people who earned RM1000 per month and occupied higher place in the public and private sectors. The state of affairs has really much changed in the 1990s in which the socio-economic position of the dwellers of Kampung Baru had increased. There was rather a important figure of Malay in-between category, such as enterprisers, professionals and executives, who lived in the colony. This can be proven through the building of new luxury residential houses such as cottages and modern flat beside the old traditional Malay hosieries. Thus it can be said that Kampung Baru is a topographic point where tradition and modernness meet. Kampung Baru located in the Centre of metropolis and the belongings valued at around Rm2000 per square pess. This favorable geographical location attracts a batch of investors and developers intend to develop it and do a better planning. Nevertheless, the devastation of the traditional Malay houses has created contention. Chapter 2.3:Research method of survey The nature of this survey makes it suited for me to use site visit, observation, appraising and secondary analysis as my research methodological analysiss. Site visit in survey involves detecting, look intoing, comparing and analyzing. Besides that, research worker makes a questionnaire study signifier for public to acquire cognize about their sentiment of Kampung Baru. It is indispensable for research worker to understand deeply of about the chance development of Kampung Baru. In order to make so, historical informations have been assembled by library and internet research. This research to be done is to turn out my study composing in line with strong grounds. Chapter 3: Analysis Chapter 3.1: Percepts of occupant to the renovation of Kampung Baru Figure 3.1: Malay-Muslim civilization Despite being disputed, Kampung Baru is the last fastness against tower block development in the Kuala Lumpur metropolis. The occupants, born and bred in Kampung Baru from coevals to coevals, are chiefly consisted of Malay. Most of them have no purpose of go forthing Kampung Baru. The nucleus ground is for the inveterate love for the community specifically refering on the distinguishable Malay-Muslim civilization ( Figure 3.1 ) and its colorful history. For illustration, some of the senior still recalled their functions in WWII and cherished childhood memories that wanted to prize. They will convey these histories to their kids and grandchildren. Other than that, there is another state of affairs caused Kampung Baru can’t be developed. If the original Kampung Baru landholders have died, his land rubrics will be shared by tonss of relations. Therefore, it can be more than 100 people portion the rights to some secret plans of land sometimes. This status becomes a strong resistance to the sort of renovation the authorities has in head. The authorities and the developers have been legion meetings and treatment with local landholders about the development programs of Kampung Baru for more than twenty old ages, nevertheless, none of which has proved feasible. With no execution and development, the physical constructions of Kampung Baru are haphazard and degraded. The unplanned betterment caused resident bit by bit eliminated from their original small town and were replaced by transient and homesteaders. In malice of the recession of Kampung Baru, there are still have many people understood exhaustively its possible commercial value and concern market. In this aureate country with environing high rise edifice, it wholly shows an iconic individuality and image of capital metropolis of Malaysia. Suppose that Kampung Baru transformed into a modern and advanced country, it will heighten the consistent of betterment of Kuala Lumpur towards as a developed metropolis. The modern design, construction and stuff of high rise edifices give an impact of the ocular to stand for an image of the metropolis. Chapter 3.2: Advantages and disadvantages one time Kampung Baru to be redeveloped Residents of Kampung Baru have to consider of the advantages and disadvantages one time Kampung Baru to be redeveloped. One of the important effects of the alterations to Kampung Baru is maximize the value of land. In term of merely being dual floor houses, it can be developed vertically. For case, high rise commercial edifices, office, five star hotel or flat. Not merely cut down the land usage, and besides fulfil the demands of big population in the metropolis. Besides that, concern market besides have a batch of possible among this commercial country. The people who live in this country have a high degree of ingestion and quality of life. They would pass a batch for epicurean disbursals. In add-on, while working the bigger commercial market, it besides increases the employment chance every bit good. It helps to work out the job of extra unemployment which happened in our state. Ample employee can heighten the productiveness expeditiously. Furthermore, owing to this country is tourist attractive force, so that it brings economic system consequence to the metropolis. Figure 3.2: Alone character of traditional houses On the contrary, continuing Kampung Baru has its unmeasurable bing value. It is difficult to conceive of that an country with such a rich heritage and alone character ( Figure 3.2 ) if razed to the land. Many of the traditional houses of Kampung Baru are dated back to the early 1900s. The peculiar and original features can’t be replaced by any unreal engineering presents. If Kampung Baru is turned into a concrete jungle, it will lose all its attractive force as a Centre for Malay heritage. Furthermore, the cultural component in Kampung Baru has influenced, straight or indirectly, among the community. They hold profound feelings toward their civilization and relationship with vicinity. Woman love to portion their delightful dishes with their neighbors while kids chum uping around the kampung. This sort of sentiment dramas as an of import function in the development of Kampung Baru. There is no uncertainty that the people of Kampung Baru want development, but at the same clip the individuality of Kampung Baru as a Malay community must be maintained. Chapter 3.3: Comparison with the Singapore urban planning Figure 3.3: Singapore urban planning By detecting and look intoing Singapore urban planning ( Figure 3.3 ) , they wholly did a good occupation in this little state. Singapore originally is merely a little and lag behind state. After the World War II, Centre of Singapore faced really terrible urban troubles which are overcrowding, lodging deficit and insanitary life conditions. It caused a batch of unemployment job, infective disease and societal offense. In 1958s, the authorities comes out with a construct program [ 2 ] that makes full usage of land by reapportioning the countries severally. In the beginning of urban development, it appears two distinguishable countries which are greenwaies and new town country. First measure is to construct more public lodging in new town country. The decentralised policy leads the population and industry in the metropolis Centre displacement to other topographic point. It creates a balance and mean distribution of population and solved the lacking of lodging jobs. In the cardinal country, a big sum of stores, office, shopping Centre and epicurean flat occurred. Thoroughly downtown metropolis revived bit by bit, Singapore becomes an international finance, commercial centre and touristry attractive force. It speeds up the economic system growing of Singapore. The authorities of Singapore plans their scheme, from construct, counsel, urban planning to commanding, measure by measure implements it. The attitude of listening to the demands of occupant is the cardinal rule to be succeeded. Chapter 4: Decision In decision, Kuala Lumpur as a developing metropolis was improved a batch along the times. Even though Kuala Lumpur is still missing behind in footings of skyline quality compared to bigger metropoliss like Hong Kong, New York, Shanghai or Chicago, but it provides an iconic for its multi-cultural architecture found in traditional and modern edifices in the metropolis. Located within the bosom of aggressive metropolis of Kuala Lumpur, Kampung Baru has struggled to maintain up with monolithic urban development while continuing its traditional heritage. The singularity of this country could non be replaced by any types of trading. The thought of destruction the traditional Malay houses should be taken off. Old structures uncover its historical border and do a contrast with high rise edifice to show the betterment every bit good as development of engineering presents. Attempt to hold a better urban planning and direction in Malaysia, authorities should do an in-depth survey on the scheme of urban planning in Singapore. Mentions Website hypertext transfer protocol: //vincentloy.wordpress.com/tag/city/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/ ? file= % 2F2012 % 2F4 % 2F16 % 2Fcentral % 2F11111102 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php? t=167496 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dbkl.gov.my/pskl2020/english/urban_design_and_landscape/index.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //time2transcend.wordpress.com/tag/kampung-baru/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theedgemalaysia.com/commentary/167862-my-say-kampung-baru-redevelopment-lets-go-for-it.html hypertext transfer protocol: //tendtotravel.com/2012/03/kuala-lumpurs-skyline-1960s/ hypertext transfer protocol: //travel.cnn.com/explorations/escape/kampung-baru-131599 hypertext transfer protocol: //infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1564_2009-09-08.html hypertext transfer protocol: //lib.iium.edu.my/mom2/cm/content/view/view.jsp? key=mrB8mYjSDrUDQUS5Lamnms8K3SJ42lFB20100225154009406 E-journal hypertext transfer protocol: //e-journal.um.edu.my/filebank/published_article/3295/Vol % 209-4.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //repo.uum.edu.my/3179/1/S15.pdf Books Dale, O. J. ( 1999 ) . Urban planning in Singapore: The transmutation of a metropolis. Shah Alam, Malaysia: Oxford University Press. Suleiman Mohamed and Lokman Mohd. Zen ( 2000 ) ,Sejarah Kampung Baru: Di Sini Awal Segalanya Bermula Handss, J. ( 1941 ) .The History Of The Malay Agricultural Settlement Kuala Lumpur,From January 1899 to October 1941, Kuala Lumpur. Video hypertext transfer protocol: //fatbidin.com/category/kampung-baru-alaf-baru-aka-new-age-new-village/ Bibliography Website hypertext transfer protocol: //tendtotravel.com/2012/03/kuala-lumpurs-skyline-1960s/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php? t=246455 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planning_in_Singapore hypertext transfer protocol: //infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1564_2009-09-08.html hypertext transfer protocol: //timesofmylife.wordpress.com/2010/02/04/big-pore-and-small-pore-of-singapore/ Picture credits Figure 1.1: hypertext transfer protocol: //wpwide.com/petronas-twin-towers-kuala-lumpur-malaysia-city-wide-hd-wallpaper/ Figure 1.2: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.malaysiapropertynews.com/2010/08/redeveloping-kampung-baru.html Figure 2.1: hypertext transfer protocol: //tendtotravel.com/2012/03/kuala-lumpurs-skyline-1960s/ Figure 2.2: hypertext transfer protocol: //tendtotravel.com/2012/03/kuala-lumpurs-skyline-1960s/ Figure 2.3: hypertext transfer protocol: //tendtotravel.com/2012/03/kuala-lumpurs-skyline-1960s/ Figure 2.4: hypertext transfer protocol: //tendtotravel.com/2012/03/kuala-lumpurs-skyline-1960s/ Figure 2.5: hypertext transfer protocol: //time2transcend.wordpress.com/tag/kampung-baru/ Figure 2.6: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ouche.org/DesignEcologies/659/ Figure 3.1: hypertext transfer protocol: //time2transcend.wordpress.com/tag/kampung-baru/ Figure 3.2: hypertext transfer protocol: //time2transcend.wordpress.com/tag/kampung-baru/ Figure 3.3: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.singaporetales.co.uk/2013/09/city-gallery.html 1